UNO and Human Rights

UNO and Human Rights UNO and Human Rights Contents Introduction Purpose Scope Methodology Strong Points Researches Member Organizations: The Issue of Human Rights Abuses Country Model:-North Korea Results and Analysis Recommendations Conclusion: Reference: Introduction In this concise report, we will write a report in the united nations human rights issue are at the core of most of the debates whereas recognition of the innate dignity and of the equal and undisputable rights of all members of the human race which will result in the foundation of freedom, integrity and peace in this globe (Tomuschat, 2014) Human rights are the rights that all humans enjoy simply by virtue of them being human’s beings. It is Basically Derived from the inherent dignity and value of the human person and is defined locally, nationally and internationally by various agencies and organizations that make laws and rules regarding the issue of human rights. It encompasses the treaties, conventions, covenants and declarations of human right issues and how to protect these issues. Whereas lack of respect and contempt for human value, have resulted in barbaric acts which have shaken the conscience of the human-mankind, and the birth of a world in which human beings does enjoy free expression of speech and Ideology and freedom Threats and fear. The human rights issue has been declared as the highest aspiration of the people around the world. Whereas it is essential, if human being is not to be Forced to have way out, as a last resort, to rebel against despotism and tyranny, that human rights should be Guarded by the rule and regulations laid by member states of the human rights council. Whereas it is fundamental to encourage the development of cordial relations between nation states around the world, in their quest for perfect human rights, the people of the United Nations have in the agreement reaffirmed their strong faith in fundamental human rights, in the undeniable dignity and value of the human person and in the equal rights of human race and have decided to promote social growth and better standards of life in context of larger human right framework(Cook, 2011). Whereas member states have promised themselves to achieve, in co-operation with office of the United Nations, the promotion of universal deference for and celebration of human rights and other fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of speech, expression and religion. Whereas, a common perceptive of these rights and freedoms is of utter importance for the full realization of this full guarantee. From this context, we can say that human rights at the united nations is at the core of the debate and the united nations strives to provide human rights to all mankind regardless of gender, race, sexuality, and religion(Tomuschat, 2014). That is why the General Assembly proclaim in their universal declaration of Human Rights a common framework of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the conclusion that every person and every organ of society, keeps this declaration constantly in their psyche, allowing them to strive by teaching and educating for the promotion of respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, on both national and international levels, to secure their universal and valuable recognition and observance, both among the Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their rightful jurisdiction(Martin Owen , 2010). The office of the United Nations takes the issue of human rights as both worth investing in as well as striving for, that is why so many sub-offices of that promote human rights come under the auspice of the human rights branch of the United Nations (Sikor et al, 2010). Purpose The primary purpose of this recommendation report is to investigate the issue of human rights at the UNITED NATIONS and how the office of the UNITED NATIONS are striving to implement the issue of human rights in all over the world especially in non-Democratic dictatorial states like North Korea, Sudan, and Zimbabwe and the Model that the UN wants to implement as well as well as the human rights condition of some of the countries that we will use as MODEL(Assembly, 2010). Scope To investigate and research about the issue of human rights at the united nations, understand it in larger political context as well as social context, expand our knowledge of the human rights when applying to some model countries and finds tools to investigate the correlation between development and human rights and how they vary from one another (Sikor et al, 2010). And if possible we will look at the human rights situation of some selected countries like and how They comply with united nations rules and regulations regarding the issue of human rights, address sensitive issues like the Human rights Abuse, and the overall human rights situation in the whole world especially in conflict hotspot countries(Sikor et al, 2010). Methodology Most of the information in this recommendation report was gathered from websites and news articles which talk about human rights at the United Nations, as well as my experience of reading some newspapers which talk about human right abuses by some countries like Zimbabwe, China and other dictatorial regimes (Assembly, 2010). We will human rights framework as a method of Identifying human rights abuses, evaluating them and if possible theorize a way to solve these issue. This is a hot spot topic in the United Nations so we have to be careful when dealing with such an issue and treat the issue delicately (Sikor et al, 2010). The following diagram depicts censorship a typical case of human rights violation which can be through private corporations, individuals or government agencies that try to control or limit the expression of speech. Then we will use few countries as a Model to apply our analysis on it, these countries namely North Korea, China, Zimbabwe and Myanmar (Burma) will help us better understand human rights violations and also allow us to understand the various responses of the United Nations office in regard to these human rights abuses. then we will investigate the current human rights violations in these countries and if any kind of improvement in this issue are being made and how these countries are dealing with the pressure that is constantly coming from the united nations office. Combining these conditions, model, and country studies will be our focus on our essay report (Martin Owen , 2010). Strong Points .My experience as an avid reader of newspapers helps me in this essay report. Easy to get extra Information especially human rights advocates Abundant facts and Data about the human rights Issue in the worldwide. The Idea about human rights abuses is old and has been discussed many times in the past by academic scholars (Tomuschat, 2014). Researches Member Organizations: The following Data table shows members of the human rights countries and when their term expires. As we can see from the above time, many countries are members of the human rights council and are liable to adhere to the rules and regulations of the council. The Issue of Human Rights Abuses The issue of human right violations occur mostly when actions taken by state actors or non-state actors try to ignore or deny basic rights including social, political and economic rights to its citizens or enemies of the state in question, moreover, human rights abuses happen when any state or non-state actor breach any part of the human rights council treaty or any other humanitarian law (Tomuschat, 2014). Many frameworks can be used to determine if any state or non-state actor has violated the human rights charter. These human rights violations are monitored by United Nations committee, national institutions and governments responsible for these issues and other NGOs such as Human rights watchman-slavery international, Freedom house and other agencies. They merely gather evidence and documentation of alleged human rights violations and apply pressure on the violating countries (Sikor et al, 2010). Finally, war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocides and wars of aggression constitute the most serious of human right abuses. Country Model:-North Korea A survey report by human rights watch concluded that North Korea has made no apparent improvement in human rights in the republic even after the death of the late dictator in early 2011. When Kim Jong assumed power, the government continues to impose totalitarian rule, restrictions on human free movement, freedom of speech and if these are combined together might form crimes against humanity (Martin Owen , 2010). The regime represses all forms of freedom of expression an opinion and does not permit any organized political disagreement, independent media is frowned upon and freedoms such as freedom of trade, religion and sexuality is a thing of the past. The government employs systematic torture, executions, political prisoner camps and other inhumane treatment (Hill, 2010). The government in North Korea uses fear, generated mainly through threats of detention, forced slavery and public death sentence of dissents to impose harsh restrictions on freedom of information and travel. From the report of the Human Rights Watch, we can conclude that human rights violations are abundant in North Korea and no signs of abating in the near future. The condition of the human rights is getting worse and worse each second in this isolated part of the world. In recent news US-organized event in North Korea human rights briefly turned into chaos at the UN on Thursday as the diplomat of North Korea insisted on reading the agenda statement, amid outcries from dissents, and then stormed out (JÃ ¼rgens et al,, 2010).This shows the level of sensitivity about human rights violations in the psyche of the regime and its members. Results and Analysis Human rights violations are common nowadays in some parts of the world where dictatorial regimes control and reign singlehandedly. North Korea record of cooperation with the united nations human rights council is possible among the worst in the world because the regime ignores all the resolutions on the human rights situation in north Korea unanimously approved by members of the council and the UN general assembly, the regime has never responded to request for visitation from special UN representatives on human rights in North Korea. Human rights issue remains central to the politics of North Korea and the vital point of contention between the United Nations and the North Korea Republic. Recommendations In view of the above mentioned facts, surveys we can see the importance of human rights as a means of advancing the rule of law and development of the countries that adhere to its charter. Context and capacities are intrinsic, fundamental concerns in the human rights framework, so the states and other non-state actors should put their efforts and focus on improving the human rights and allow the local citizens to enjoy the fruits of human rights which also strengthen the economic, social and political systems of these countries. The UNITED NATIONS has a responsibility to support these efforts and ensure that the charter of the United Nations on human rights is adhered on an international level. Countries that need these human rights framework include Asia-Pacific countries like China, Pakistan, Philippines, Myanmar ,Indonesia and also African countries like Ethiopia, Sudan, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Chad ,Tunisia ,Algeria ,Somalia and morocco where human rights violations are abundant since dictatorial regimes came to power in these countries(Assembly, 2010). Conclusion: In conclusion, we can safely say that human rights at the united nations represents one of the most debated topics in the council and many countries in this globe are violating these basic human rights like freedom of speech, freedom of 7movement, freedom of religion and freedom of sexual orientation and many more other basic rights which is written in the charter of the United Nations.in View of these recent events about the human rights issue, it is the duty of the Human rights council to apply a working framework for the implementation of the Human rights around the world especially in countries where dictatorship and totalitarianism rule, the need of the people of the world to have access is growing each other and these people demand respect ,rights from there government on critical issues like human rights, freedom of speech ,freedom of movement and free access to education. The regime in North Korea which we took as an example/Model country show that North Korea disregards the charter of the United nations on Human rights and forces its citizens to live under the rule of brutal dictator ship, such examples abound in this world, in Zimbabwe, the government adopted a systemic policy of uprooting the native white people of Zimbabwe, confiscating their farms/properties and arming a killing Squad to force the white natives to abandon their homeland. This is a racist agenda of president of Zimbabwe and world countries like USA, FRANCE, RUSSIA and United Kingdom are helpless to help these innocent people of the white origin in the black continent.in Russia, the government curbs on the freedom of speech and only information is accessed through government propaganda and many famous anti-Putin (President of Russia) are assassinated on regular basis. In a summary, we can see that the issue of human rights needs to be addressed delicately in manner that helps the local people gain access to basic human rights, eradicates the menace of totalitarianism and dictatorship and bring freedom to all people striving for it. Reference: Assembly, U. G. (2010). Human Rights Council.Fourteenth Session. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, Mr. Frank La Rue. Retrieved from http://www2.ohchr.org/english/press/hrc/kit/garesolution.pdf Tomuschat, C. (2014).Human rights: between idealism and realism. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/2959/Tocs%20tomuschat.pdf Cook, R. J. (Ed.). (2011).Human rights of women: National and international perspectives. University of Pennsylvania Press. Retrieved from http://anthonydamato.law.northwestern.edu/Adobefiles/Br1-95women.pdf JÃ ¼rgens, R., Csete, J., Amon, J. J., Baral, S., Beyrer, C. (2010). People who use drugs, HIV, and human rights.The Lancet,376(9739), 475-485. Retrieved from http://www.harm-reduction.org/sites/default/files/pdf/PIIS0140673610608306.pdf Sikor, T., Stahl, J., Enters, T., Ribot, J. C., Singh, N., Sunderlin, W. D., Wollenberg, L. (2010). REDD-plus, forest peoples rights and nested climate governance.Global Environmental Change,20(3), 423-425. Retrieved from http://www.somcon.com/sites/default/files/userfiles/1file/REDD-plus_editorial.pdf Hill, D. W. (2010). Estimating the effects of human rights treaties on state behavior.The journal of politics,72(04), 1161-1174. Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel_Hill8/publication/231965898_Estimating_the_Effects_of_Human_Rights_Treaties_on_State_Behavior/links/53fdd5ea0cf22f21c2f85115.pdf Martin, M., Owen, T. (2010). The second generation of human security: lessons from the UN and EU experience.International Affairs,86(1), 211-224. Retrieved from http://graduateinstitute.ch/files/live/sites/iheid/files/shared/executive_education/INP%202011/Syllabi%20_%26_Course_Materials/Jutersonke_Martin_Owen.pdf

Financial position Essay

1. One of the apparent reasons for the failure to pay off the debts by the due debt is the continuous decline of the sales over the period of time due to overall sick performance of the industry. However, on the other hand, it is also imperative to understand that the firm has not been able to accurately forecast its cash flows as accurately as possible because there were not only frequent requests for revision of the funds required but also company was undertaking modernization in times where sales were declining. Supporting the long term as well as short term repayment of bank loans largely depend upon the ability of a company to generate sales and cash flows and in this case it has completely failed to achieve its targeted sales figures which basically force the firm to default on its payments on the due date. Apart from some seasonal and industry wide factors, company has also not been able to accurately forecast its financing needs. Though the sales declined but the forecasts based on which the debt was obtained did not included any externalities which could have basically hampered the ability of the firm to repay its debts on time. It is also important to understand that one of the main reasons behind the failure to pay off the debts on time is the inability of the management of the firm to ill plan at the wrong time as due to the seasonal nature of the business, they were expecting consistent and historical results however it did not turned up to be right. 2. Mr. Fischer was probably not been able to forecast the correct repayment of the loans as he based his forecasts on the historical trends and the company’s seasonal needs for the external financing. It was because of this reason that he forecasted zero banks loan payable during the period from Dec 1995 to May 1996. This assumption was correct if we observe it from the historical perspectives however as it lacked the inclusion of risk based assessment of what may go wrong i. e. as in this case, the company’s sales were consistently forecasted however they declined against the expectations. Such decline in sales therefore has put pressures on the cash flow position of the firm which basically forced the firm to not been able to pay its debts on time. It is also important to note that overhead forecasted at constant rates however they have shown greater volatility in actual that basically decreased the profitability of the firm as well as straining the cash flows of the firm as more funds were being diverted in paying off higher overhead and other expenses. Further, the assumption of producing at an even rate was also flawed specially considering the fact that the business has the seasonal demand patterns therefore assuming such production patterns may be gross mismanagement of the firm’s resources. 3. Overall, the firm’s financial position has not worsened as it is because some external factors which seem to be of short term nature and company can easily overcome once the seasonal impacts on the business decline. Further, firm’s working capital management seems to have worsened which may be the actual cause of concern as there is not only an increase in inventory but in receivables also.

Essay on The Origins of Apartheid in South Africa - 747 Words

INTRODUCTION: The term apartheid (from the Afrikaans word for quot;apartnessquot;) was coined in the 1930s and used as a political slogan of the National Party in the early 1940s, but the policy itself extends back to the beginning of white settlement in South Africa in 1652. After the primarily Afrikaner Nationalists came to power in 1948, the social custom of apartheid was systematized under law. The apartheid was a social and political segregation of the white rulers from the black locals of South Africa. ANALYSIS: Dutch farmers, known as the Boers, settled African lands, taking them from the San and the Khoi Khoi. Eventually, a rising Great Britain noted the rich resources and strategic location of the country. Britain†¦show more content†¦The implementation of the policy, later referred to as quot;separate development,quot; was made possible by the Population Registration Act of 1950, which put all South Africans into three racial categories: Bantu (black African), white, or Coloured (of mixed race). A fourth category, Asian (Indians and Pakistanis), was added later (2). This was the inception of the historical too of discrimination unleashed on the poor community of the blacks by the ruling whites called the Apartheid. The clear reason of this apartheid was to have as less interference of the blacks in the governmental process as possible. Simple hatred could also be termed as a plausible reason. 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I believe that enforcing Apartheid is unjust and immoral. Reading this paper you will learn: What is apartheid? Who were involved? And how did apartheid end in South Africa? What is apartheid? The system of apartheid--apartness between races--began in 1948 and in the time span of one generation, it wove itself

Alienation Of The Individual From Society - 955 Words

Alienation is a word that reflects feelings of isolation and loneliness. The feelings of alienation can be very depressing as the individual feels he/she is unwanted and does not belong to the place or society where they are currently living in. It is seen as if a person cannot provide for another or does not appear as the rest, they do not have any value. The two main characters such as Gregor within â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka and Tessie within â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson both demonstrate the issue of alienation of the individual from society. It is expressed within both readings that as individuals we are often aliened by others although influence of the individual in relation to the communities around them many individuals cannot exist within society as a free-thinking, autonomous person. Within â€Å"The Lottery†, the author Shirley Jackson emphasizes on the idea of the â€Å"lottery† where a list of names from eac h member of the household in each family were put into a black box and one name would be selected at random. The following name selected would be stoned to death by the villagers including their family. This was a tradition followed by the villagers at end of the warm season to show a sacrifice to ensure wealth, crops, and prosperity within the future. Some communities feel alienated because of the repression or the policies of the governments in place. Traditions are usually passed down from previous generations due to the people beingShow MoreRelatedAdolf Marx : A Central Concern For The Young Karl Marx Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Alienation‟ was a central concern for the young Karl Marx. Discuss the dimensions of this alienation in connection to Marx’s critique of capitalist society and comment on the contemporary relevance of this concept. 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